Brief View on Asset Backed Securities: ABS

ABS is a debt security that is based on pool of assets or is a securitized pool of assets.

  • Debt security: Here security is a negotiable instrument which represents financial values and debt refers to the owed assets or future purchasing power. Hence debt security means security for guarantee of prompt payment for owing assets. In other words debt security are debenture, bonds, deposits, note and commercial papers and the holder of these securities are entitle to make payment of interest and principal together with certain contractual rights in terms of issue E.G> right to receive information.
  • Securitization: is the process of pooling/grouping and repackaging of cashflows producing financial assets into securities for the purpose of minimizing risks and maximum benefits to the users and they are sold to the investors.
  • Negotiable instrument: is a transferable, signed document promising payment to the bearer of certain sum of money on a future date or on demand. E.G> cheque, promissory note, bill of exchange.

Now let’s discuss why are the assets securitized?

    1. Make minor and uneconomical investments, while reducing risk from diversifying the underlying assets.
    2. Securitized assets are highly liquid (means assets can be bought and sold in a short period of time with small price changes) and private in nature.
    3. It is used for credit enhancement by creating security that has a higher rating than the issuing company which monetizes the assets.

· Credit enhancement: means providing various ways or means for reducing the credit risk of an obligation.

· Credit risk: risk due to counterparty’s uncertainty to meet the obligations.

    1. Allows paying a lower rate of interest than via secured bank loan or debt issuance.

Types:

Ø Home equity loans or HEL: type of loan in which borrower uses the equity at home as collateral i.e. borrower’s asset is forfeited to the lender in case the borrower is unable to pay the principal and interest on loan. in other words, HEL are loans which are useful in financial help such as major home repair, medical bills or education etc.

Ø Auto loans are securities issued backed by pool of underlying assets for auto relate loans.

Ø Credit card receivables

Ø Student education loans

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